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Chemistry Class 11

What is Quantitative Analysis?-Estimation of Carbon and Hydrogen (Liebig’s method), Nitrogen (Dumas Method and Kjeldahl’s method), Sulphur, Halogens, Oxygen, Phosphorus

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Quantitative analysis is one of the important processes in chemistry. It is used to determine mass percent i. E. To determine the mass of every element present. It can also be defined as a method used to determine the number of chemicals in a sample. The mass per cent is important to find the molecular and emphatical formula.

Quantitative analysis is one of the important processes in chemistry. It is used to determine mass percent i.e. to determine …

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What is Quantitative Analysis?-Estimation of Carbon and Hydrogen (Liebig’s method), Nitrogen (Dumas Method and Kjeldahl’s method), Sulphur, Halogens, Oxygen, Phosphorus

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Quantitative analysis is one of the important processes in chemistry. It is used to determine mass percent i. E. To determine the mass of every element present. It can also be defined as a method used to determine the number of chemicals in a sample. The mass per cent is important to find the molecular and emphatical formula.

Quantitative analysis is one of the important processes in chemistry. It is used to determine mass percent i.e. to determine …

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Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds-Detection of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Halogens, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Oxygen

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Organic chemistry is a branch of science that studies the structure, properties, and interactions of organic compounds having covalent carbon bonds. By examining their structure, their structural formula can be derived. To better understand their behavior, physical and chemical properties, as well as chemical reactivity, are investigated. The study of organic processes includes the chemical synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and polymers, as well as laboratory and theoretical (in silico) studies of individual organic molecules.

Organic chemistry is a branch of science that studies the structure, properties, and interactions of organic compounds having covalent carbon …

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Organic Chemistry – Reagents, Field Effects, Stability, Bond Cleavage

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that involves the scientific study of organic compounds (compounds that contain covalently bonded carbon atoms). This branch of chemistry primarily deals with the structure and chemical composition of organic compounds, the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds, and the chemical reactions undergone by these compounds. Advancements in the field of organic chemistry have made numerous contributions to human society, such as the synthesis of several drugs, polymers, and other natural products. Synthetic organic chemistry is an important application of organic chemistry that deals with the design and construction of organic compounds for practical purposes.

What Is Organic Chemistry? Organic chemistry is the branch of Chemistry that involves the scientific study of organic compounds (compounds that …

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Organic Chemistry – Reagents, Field Effects, Stability, Bond Cleavage

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that involves the scientific study of organic compounds (compounds that contain covalently bonded carbon atoms). This branch of chemistry primarily deals with the structure and chemical composition of organic compounds, the physical and chemical properties of organic compounds, and the chemical reactions undergone by these compounds. Advancements in the field of organic chemistry have made numerous contributions to human society, such as the synthesis of several drugs, polymers, and other natural products. Synthetic organic chemistry is an important application of organic chemistry that deals with the design and construction of organic compounds for practical purposes.

What Is Organic Chemistry? Organic chemistry is the branch of Chemistry that involves the scientific study of organic compounds (compounds that …

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IUPAC Nomenclature Of Organic Compounds – Definition, Methods, Types, Examples with FAQs

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Iupac nomenclature of organic compounds refers to the systematic approach taken for the nomenclature of organic compounds as per the recommendation of the international union of pure and applied chemistry (often abbreviated to iupac).

What is IUPAC Nomenclature? IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds refers to the systematic approach taken for the nomenclature of organic …

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Inductive Effect – Types of Inductive Effect, Applications, Stability

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The inductive effect refers to the phenomenon wherein a permanent dipole arises in a given molecule due to the unequal sharing of the bonding electrons in the molecule. This effect can arise in sigma bonds, whereas the electromeric effect can only arise in pi bonds.

The inductive effect refers to the phenomenon wherein a permanent dipole arises in a given molecule due to the unequal …

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Inductive Effect – Types of Inductive Effect, Applications, Stability

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The inductive effect refers to the phenomenon wherein a permanent dipole arises in a given molecule due to the unequal sharing of the bonding electrons in the molecule. This effect can arise in sigma bonds, whereas the electromeric effect can only arise in pi bonds.

The inductive effect refers to the phenomenon wherein a permanent dipole arises in a given molecule due to the unequal …

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Electromeric Effect – Definition, Detailed Explanation and Examples

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Electromeric effect can be observed only in organic compounds which contain multiple bonds. It is a temporary effect that arises when the compound is subjected to an attacking reagent.

Electromeric Effect can be observed only in organic compounds which contain multiple bonds. It is a temporary effect that arises …

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Resonance Effect or Mesomeric Effect with Types and Structure

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
This topic explains the resonance effect or mesomeric effect and its types. In organic chemistry, the behaviour of electrons differs when elements other than that of the carbon atoms and hydrogen actively take part in the formation of molecular bonds.

Introduction This topic explains the Resonance effect or Mesomeric effect and its types. In organic chemistry, the behaviour of electrons …

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Resonance Effect or Mesomeric Effect with Types and Structure

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
This topic explains the resonance effect or mesomeric effect and its types. In organic chemistry, the behaviour of electrons differs when elements other than that of the carbon atoms and hydrogen actively take part in the formation of molecular bonds.

Introduction This topic explains the Resonance effect or Mesomeric effect and its types. In organic chemistry, the behaviour of electrons …

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Hyperconjugation | Electromeric Effect | Chemistry Class 11 Organic Notes Study Material

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Electron displacement in an organic molecule may take place due to the presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. This kind of electron displacement leads to polarization of the bond.

Electron displacement in an organic molecule may take place due to the presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. This kind …

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Hyperconjugation | Electromeric Effect | Chemistry Class 11 Organic Notes Study Material

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Electron displacement in an organic molecule may take place due to the presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. This kind of electron displacement leads to polarization of the bond.

Electron displacement in an organic molecule may take place due to the presence of an appropriate attacking reagent. This kind …

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Homolytic & Heterolytic Fission of Covalent Bonds – Detailed Explanation

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Most chemical reactions involve the breakage of existing chemical bonds and the formation of new ones. However, chemical bonds can be broken in multiple ways. Furthermore, the manner in which a chemical bond breaks plays a vital role in deciding the overall outcome of the chemical reaction. The breakage of a chemical bond (usually a covalent bond) is often referred to as bond fission. The two primary types of bond fission are homolytic fission and heterolytic fission.

Most chemical reactions involve the breakage of existing chemical bonds and the formation of new ones. However, chemical bonds can …

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Homolytic & Heterolytic Fission of Covalent Bonds – Detailed Explanation

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Most chemical reactions involve the breakage of existing chemical bonds and the formation of new ones. However, chemical bonds can be broken in multiple ways. Furthermore, the manner in which a chemical bond breaks plays a vital role in deciding the overall outcome of the chemical reaction. The breakage of a chemical bond (usually a covalent bond) is often referred to as bond fission. The two primary types of bond fission are homolytic fission and heterolytic fission.

Most chemical reactions involve the breakage of existing chemical bonds and the formation of new ones. However, chemical bonds can …

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What are Free Radicals? – Definition, Examples, Types, Mechanism & Uses

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
A free radical is termed as a molecular species which can contain an unpaired electron in its atomic orbital and can exist independently.

What are Free Radicals? A free radical is termed as a molecular species which can contain an unpaired electron in …

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What are Free Radicals? – Definition, Examples, Types, Mechanism & Uses

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
A free radical is termed as a molecular species which can contain an unpaired electron in its atomic orbital and can exist independently.

What are Free Radicals? A free radical is termed as a molecular species which can contain an unpaired electron in …

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Carbocation – Definition, Types, Formation, Order and Stability

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
A carbocation is a molecule in which a carbon atom has a positive charge and three bonds. We can say that, basically, they are carbon cations. Formerly, it was known as carbonium ion. Carbocation today is defined as any even-electron cation that possesses a significant positive charge on the carbon atom.

A carbocation is a molecule in which a carbon atom has a positive charge and three bonds. We can say …

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Carbocation – Definition, Types, Formation, Order and Stability

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
A carbocation is a molecule in which a carbon atom has a positive charge and three bonds. We can say that, basically, they are carbon cations. Formerly, it was known as carbonium ion. Carbocation today is defined as any even-electron cation that possesses a significant positive charge on the carbon atom.

A carbocation is a molecule in which a carbon atom has a positive charge and three bonds. We can say …

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Carbanions – Definition, Occurrence, Carbon Acids, Properties

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
A carbanion can be defined as a negatively charged ion in which a carbon atom exhibits trivalence (implying it forms a total of three bonds) and holds a formal negative charge whose magnitude is at least -1. When pi delocalization does not occur in the organic molecule (as it does in the case of aromatic compounds), carbanions typically assume a bent, linear, or a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry. It is important to note that all carbanions are conjugate bases of some carbon acids.

What is a Carbanion? A carbanion can be defined as a negatively charged ion in which a carbon atom exhibits …

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Electrophiles and Nucleophiles – Definition, Types, Examples, Differences

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Before we delve into learning about electrophiles and nucleophiles, let us quickly recall what an attacking reagent is. The species that attacks a substrate molecule or intermediate and forms a product is called an attacking reagent. It is of two types:

Before we delve into learning about electrophiles and nucleophiles, let us quickly recall what an attacking reagent is. The species …

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Electrophiles and Nucleophiles – Definition, Types, Examples, Differences

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Before we delve into learning about electrophiles and nucleophiles, let us quickly recall what an attacking reagent is. The species that attacks a substrate molecule or intermediate and forms a product is called an attacking reagent. It is of two types:

Before we delve into learning about electrophiles and nucleophiles, let us quickly recall what an attacking reagent is. The species …

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Various Types Of Organic Reactions | Polar And Radical Reaction

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Organic reactions are the chemical reactions that are undergone by organic compounds (the chemical compounds containing carbon). A few important types of organic reactions are illustrated below.

Organic reactions are the chemical reactions that are undergone by organic compounds (the chemical compounds containing carbon). A few important …

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Various Types Of Organic Reactions | Polar And Radical Reaction

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Organic reactions are the chemical reactions that are undergone by organic compounds (the chemical compounds containing carbon). A few important types of organic reactions are illustrated below.

Organic reactions are the chemical reactions that are undergone by organic compounds (the chemical compounds containing carbon). A few important …

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Hydrocarbons – Types, Classification, Properties, Preparation & Uses | Anand Classes by Neeraj Anand

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Hydrocarbons form the fundamental backbone of organic chemistry and are essential for understanding more complex chemical compounds. Composed solely of carbon and hydrogen, these compounds are classified into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons based on the type of bonding and structure. At anand classes, we provide a comprehensive and concept-driven explanation of hydrocarbons, covering their types, iupac classification, physical and chemical properties, methods of preparation, and practical applications in daily life and industries. Designed by prof. Neeraj anand, this study material is tailored for students of class 11 chemistry, and aspirants of jee, neet, and nda, aiming to build a strong foundation in organic chemistry.

Hydrocarbons form the fundamental backbone of organic chemistry and are essential for understanding more complex chemical compounds. Composed solely of …

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Hydrocarbons – Types, Classification, Properties, Preparation & Uses | Anand Classes by Neeraj Anand

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Hydrocarbons form the fundamental backbone of organic chemistry and are essential for understanding more complex chemical compounds. Composed solely of carbon and hydrogen, these compounds are classified into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons based on the type of bonding and structure. At anand classes, we provide a comprehensive and concept-driven explanation of hydrocarbons, covering their types, iupac classification, physical and chemical properties, methods of preparation, and practical applications in daily life and industries. Designed by prof. Neeraj anand, this study material is tailored for students of class 11 chemistry, and aspirants of jee, neet, and nda, aiming to build a strong foundation in organic chemistry.

Hydrocarbons form the fundamental backbone of organic chemistry and are essential for understanding more complex chemical compounds. Composed solely of …

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Saturated & Unsaturated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons | Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are the simplest and most fundamental class of organic compounds composed of straight or branched chains of carbon atoms. They are broadly classified into saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) and unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes and alkynes) based on the type of carbon-carbon bonding. At anand classes, our expertly prepared study material by prof. Neeraj anand explains the structure, classification, properties, and reactions of aliphatic hydrocarbons in a clear and concise manner. This topic lays the foundation for understanding organic chemistry in class 11 and is especially important for students preparing for jee, neet, and nda. With detailed notes, solved examples, and practice questions, we make mastering alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes easier and exam-ready.

Aliphatic hydrocarbons are the simplest and most fundamental class of organic compounds composed of straight or branched chains of carbon …

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Alkanes – Formula, Definition, Structure, Properties, List of Alkanes, Examples & FAQs | Anand Classes by Neeraj Anand

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkanes are the simplest class of hydrocarbons, consisting entirely of single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms. Known as saturated hydrocarbons, alkanes follow the general formula cnh₂n+2 and serve as the building blocks of organic chemistry. At anand classes, our comprehensive study material curated by prof. Neeraj anand explains the definition, structural formula, nomenclature, physical and chemical properties, and real-life uses of alkanes in a simple and easy-to-understand format. This section also includes a complete list of alkanes, important examples, and well-explained faqs—specially designed for class 11 chemistry, jee, neet, and nda aspirants to strengthen their foundation in organic chemistry.

Alkanes are the simplest class of hydrocarbons, consisting entirely of single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms. Known as saturated …

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Nomenclature of Saturated Hydrocarbons – IUPAC Rules & Examples | Anand Classes by Neeraj Anand

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Understanding the nomenclature of saturated hydrocarbons is essential for mastering organic chemistry, especially in class 11 and competitive exams like jee, neet, and nda. Saturated hydrocarbons, also known as alkanes, consist of carbon atoms connected by single bonds only. The iupac naming system provides a systematic approach to naming these compounds based on the number of carbon atoms, the type of chain (straight or branched), and the position of substituents. At anand classes, prof. Neeraj anand breaks down the rules of nomenclature, including how to identify the longest carbon chain, number the chain, name the prefixes, roots, and suffixes, and apply these rules to real-world examples. This foundational topic is presented with step-by-step explanations and practice problems to help students gain full confidence.

Understanding the nomenclature of saturated hydrocarbons is essential for mastering organic chemistry, especially in Class 11 and competitive exams like …

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Nomenclature of Saturated Hydrocarbons – IUPAC Rules & Examples | Anand Classes by Neeraj Anand

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Understanding the nomenclature of saturated hydrocarbons is essential for mastering organic chemistry, especially in class 11 and competitive exams like jee, neet, and nda. Saturated hydrocarbons, also known as alkanes, consist of carbon atoms connected by single bonds only. The iupac naming system provides a systematic approach to naming these compounds based on the number of carbon atoms, the type of chain (straight or branched), and the position of substituents. At anand classes, prof. Neeraj anand breaks down the rules of nomenclature, including how to identify the longest carbon chain, number the chain, name the prefixes, roots, and suffixes, and apply these rules to real-world examples. This foundational topic is presented with step-by-step explanations and practice problems to help students gain full confidence.

Understanding the nomenclature of saturated hydrocarbons is essential for mastering organic chemistry, especially in Class 11 and competitive exams like …

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Isomerism – Definition, Detailed Explanation, Types, Examples of Isomerism

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Isomerism is the phenomenon in which more than one compounds have the same chemical formula but different chemical structures.

What is Isomerism? Isomerism is the phenomenon in which more than one compounds have the same chemical formula but different …

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Conformations of Ethane and Butane – Conformational Isomerism | Anand Classes by Neeraj Anand

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Conformational isomerism is a fundamental concept in organic chemistry that explains how molecules can adopt different spatial arrangements by rotation around single bonds. In alkanes like ethane and butane, such rotations give rise to various conformations—including eclipsed, staggered, gauche, and anti forms—which differ in stability and energy. At anand classes, prof. Neeraj anand simplifies this crucial topic for class 11 chemistry and competitive exams like jee, neet, and nda, with detailed diagrams, energy profile comparisons, and real-life significance. This lesson builds a strong conceptual understanding of molecular geometry and internal strain in hydrocarbons.

Conformational isomerism is a fundamental concept in organic chemistry that explains how molecules can adopt different spatial arrangements by rotation …

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Physical & Chemical Properties of Alkanes with Examples | By Neeraj Anand | Anand Classes

December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkanes, the simplest hydrocarbons in organic chemistry, are also known as saturated hydrocarbons due to the presence of only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms. These compounds play a foundational role in understanding more complex organic molecules. In this comprehensive class 11 chemistry topic, neeraj anand from anand classes explains the physical and chemical properties of alkanes in a clear, exam-focused manner. From boiling points and solubility to combustion and halogenation reactions, each concept is backed with relevant examples, helping students of cbse, neet, and jee build strong fundamentals and perform confidently in exams.

🧪 Physical and Chemical Properties of Alkanes with Examples – Class 11 By Neeraj Anand | Anand Classes Alkanes, the …

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Pyrolysis of Alkanes Free Radical Mechanism Detailed Explanation

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Pyrolysis, also known as cracking, is a fundamental chemical process in organic chemistry where alkanes are thermally decomposed into simpler hydrocarbons such as alkenes and smaller alkanes. This high-temperature reaction occurs via a free radical mechanism, which is crucial to understanding the behavior of hydrocarbons under thermal stress. In this detailed class 11 chemistry lesson, neeraj anand of anand classes breaks down the step-by-step free radical mechanism of alkane pyrolysis, complete with diagrams, examples, and explanations aligned with cbse, jee, and neet syllabi. This in-depth guide will help students strengthen their conceptual understanding and master key reaction pathways frequently asked in competitive exams.

🔥 Pyrolysis of Alkanes – Free Radical Mechanism (Class 11) By Neeraj Anand | Anand Classes Pyrolysis, also known as …

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Alkene – Formula, Definition, Classification, Properties, Uses, Examples, FAQs

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The common family of hydrocarbons found in crude oil is alkenes. In this family there is at least one carbon–carbon double bond. This double bond makes a big difference to the chemistry of the compounds of the family.

What are Alkenes? The common family of hydrocarbons found in crude oil is alkenes. In this family there is at …

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Nomenclature of Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes – IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
A single chemical compound can have several acceptable systematic names and the systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds is called iupac nomenclature but no two compounds can have the same name.

What is IUPAC Nomenclature? A single chemical compound can have several acceptable systematic names and the systematic method of naming …

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Hybridization of C2H4 (Ethene): Hybridization of Carbon in C2H4

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
To know about the hybridization of c2h4 (ethene or ethylene) students have to recognize or understand the number of bond and the orbitals present in the molecule. This will help in determining the hybridization type and other details. C2h4 is sp2 hybridized.

To know about the hybridization of C2H4 (ethene or ethylene) students have to recognize or understand the number of bond …

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Physical Properties of Alkenes – Melting & Boiling Point, Polarity, Solubility

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkenes contain a carbon-carbon double bond which changes the physical properties of alkenes. Alkenes are unsaturated carbon compounds which have a general formula of cnh2n. These compounds are also known as olefins.

Alkenes contain a carbon-carbon double bond which changes the physical properties of alkenes. Alkenes are unsaturated carbon compounds which have a …

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Methods of Preparation of Alkenes in the Laboratory | Mechanism

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkenes belong to the family of hydrocarbons. They contain at least one double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms. The general chemical formula of an alkene is cnh2n. Alkenes can be prepared via various methods. A few methods of preparation of alkenes have been detailed in this article.

Methods of Preparation of Alkenes Alkenes belong to the family of hydrocarbons. They contain at least one double bond between …

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Chemical Properties of Alkenes | Addition of Dihydrogen & Halogen

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkenes consist of a large number of loosely held pi bonds. Due to the presence of such bonds they exhibit addition reactions. In addition reaction, the electrophiles (electron seeking species) are added to the double-bonded compounds which result in the formation of the additional product. Under special conditions, in some cases, it has the ability to undergo free radical substitution reactions also. Ozonolysis reaction and oxidation reaction are also prominently exhibited it.

What are Alkenes Alkenes consist of a large number of loosely held pi bonds. Due to the presence of such …

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Markovnikov’s Rule: Statement and Explanation with Examples & FAQs

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Markovnikov’s rule, also known as markownikoff’s rule, can be used to describe the outcome of some chemical addition reactions. The russian chemist vladimir vasilyevich markovnikov first formulated this rule in 1865.

Markovnikov’s Rule, also known as Markownikoff’s rule, can be used to describe the outcome of some chemical addition reactions. The …

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Ozonolysis of Alkenes and Alkynes-Mechanism

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Ozonolysis refers to the organic chemical reaction where ozone is employed to cleave the unsaturated bonds of alkenes, alkynes, and azo compounds (compounds with the functional diazenyl functional group). It is an organic redox reaction.

Ozonolysis refers to the organic chemical reaction where ozone is employed to cleave the unsaturated bonds of alkenes, alkynes, and …

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Electrophilic Addition and Substitution Reactions of Alkenes with Examples, FAQs

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkenes belong to the group of unsaturated hydrocarbons that is one molecule of alkene contains at least one double bond. Due to the presence of pi electrons they show addition reactions in which an electrophile attacks the carbon-carbon double bond to form the addition products. These reactions are known as electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes. Sometimes these addition reactions follow free radical mechanism too.

Alkenes belong to the group of unsaturated hydrocarbons that is one molecule of alkene contains at least one double bond. …

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Triple Bond in Alkynes-Structure & Uses of Alkynes

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons in which a carbon-carbon triple bond exists between the two carbon atoms.. Acetylene is the simplest member of the alkyne family.

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons in which a carbon-carbon triple bond exists between the two carbon atoms.. Acetylene is the simplest member …

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Physical & Chemical Properties Of Alkynes

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons which consist of at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. There are two types of alkynes: terminal and internal.   terminal alkynes are triple-bonded compounds in which a carbon atom shares the triple bond with the carbon at the end of the chain. Internal alkynes are compounds in which the triple bond is between two carbon atoms, none of which are terminal. The general molecular formula of alkynes is cnh2n-2. The physical properties of alkynes are very similar to the physical properties of alkenes.

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons which consist of at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. There are two types of …

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Preparation of Alkynes From Calcium Carbide and Vicinal Dihalides

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkynes in organic chemistry are unsaturated hydrocarbons in which there exists, at least, a single, triple bond between the carbon-carbon atoms. The synthesis of alkynes can be useful due to their antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic properties. The main reaction in the preparation of alkynes is that the ions are elimination from molecules which results in the formation of pi bonds. Usually, one of two processes are involved in the manufacturing of alkynes: the generation of the triple bond between carbon-carbon atoms or the number of molecules which contain a triple bond should be increased.

Alkynes in organic chemistry are unsaturated hydrocarbons in which there exists, at least, a single, triple bond between the carbon-carbon …

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Acidity Of Alkynes – Acidity Of Terminal Alkynes

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkynes are one of the simplest hydrocarbons known to us. They have a general formula of cnh2n-2.

What is Acidity Of Alkynes? Alkynes are one of the simplest hydrocarbons known to us. They have a general formula …

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Addition Reaction of Alkynes – Halogenation, Hydrogenation, Hydration, Hydrohalogenation of Addition Reaction of Alkynes FAQS

December 16, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Alkynes undergo addition reactions due to the presence of loosely held pi-electrons. Due to the presence of a triple bond in alkynes, halogens, water etc. Can be added to them by the process of the addition reaction. Addition products are formed via a set of steps. The stability of vinylic cations is responsible for the formation of addition products. Markovnikov’s rule is followed by asymmetric alkynes in order to undergo addition reaction.

What is the addition of alkynes? Alkynes undergo addition reactions due to the presence of loosely held pi-electrons. Due to …

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Aromatic Hydrocarbons-Definition, Examples, Properties, Uses, FAQs

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Aromatic hydrocarbons are circularly structured organic compounds that contain sigma bonds along with delocalized pi electrons. They are also referred to as arenes or aryl hydrocarbons.

What are Aromatic Hydrocarbons? Aromatic Hydrocarbons are circularly structured organic compounds that contain sigma bonds along with delocalized pi electrons. …

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Benzene (C6H6)-Definition, Structure, Resonance, Aromaticity, Uses of Benzene (C6H6), Discovery

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Benzene is one of the most important organic compounds with the chemical formula c6h6. Benzene is the parent compound of the various aromatic compound.

What is Benzene? Benzene is one of the most important organic compounds with the chemical formula C6H6. Benzene is the …

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Aromaticity-Definition, Example Benzene, Aromaticity Rules, FAQs

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Aromaticity is a property of cyclic and planar molecules having resonance bonds exhibiting more stability than the connective or geometric arrangements within the same kind of atoms.

Aromaticity is a property of cyclic and planar molecules having resonance bonds exhibiting more stability than the connective or geometric …

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Benzene Physical and Chemical Properties, Question Answers, FAQs

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Benzene is a cyclic hydrocarbon with a chemical formula c6h6, that is, each carbon atom in benzene is arranged in a six-membered ring and is bonded to only one hydrogen atom.

What is Benzene? Benzene is a cyclic hydrocarbon with a chemical formula C6H6, that is, each carbon atom in benzene is arranged …

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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of Benzene with Mechanism and Examples

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Electrophilic substitution of benzene is the one where an electrophile substitutes the hydrogen atom of benzene. As the aromaticity of benzene is not disturbed in the reaction, these reactions are highly spontaneous in nature. Basic examples of electrophilic substitution reaction of benzene are nitration, sulfonation, halogenation, friedel craft’s alkylation and acylation, etc.

What is Electrophilic Substitution of Benzene? Electrophilic substitution of benzene is the one where an electrophile substitutes the hydrogen atom …

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Nitration-Types, Applications, Nitration of Benzene, Electrophilic Substitution Reaction between Benzene and Nitric Acid

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Nitration is the class of chemical processes that introduces the nitro group into an organic chemical compound. The term nitration is also sometimes used incorrectly to represent different processes, such as the formation of nitrate esters among nitric acid and alcohols, which further take place in synthesising nitroglycerin. However, the main difference between the final structure of nitrates and nitro compounds is the nitrogen atom forms a chemical bond with a non-oxygen atom, such as the carbon or other nitrogen atoms. In the case of organic nitrates, the nitrogen is usually bonded with an oxygen atom, which further has a bond to a carbon atom.

Nitration is the class of chemical processes that introduces the nitro group into an organic chemical compound. The term nitration …

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Benzene Reactions – Sulphonation, Nitration, Halogenation, Electrophilic Substitution Reactions

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Benzene is highly prone to electrophilic substitution reactions compared to addition reactions as it loses its aromaticity during addition reactions. As benzene contains delocalized electrons spanning over carbon atoms in the ring, it is highly attractive to electrophiles and is also highly stable to electrophilic substitutions.

Benzene is highly prone to electrophilic substitution reactions compared to addition reactions as it loses its aromaticity during addition reactions. …

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Halogenation Reactions of Benzene-Definition, Mechanism, Importance, FAQs

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Halogenation refers to a type of chemical reaction that involves the replacement of a halogen atom with another substance, wherein it ends up as a part of that substance or a compound. In general, during the halogenation reaction, there is usually an addition of one or more halogens to the substance.

Halogenation refers to a type of chemical reaction that involves the replacement of a halogen atom with another substance, wherein …

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Friedel-Crafts Reaction – Mechanism of Alkylation and Acylation

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Friedel-crafts reaction is an organic coupling reaction involving an electrophilic aromatic substitution that is used for the attachment of substituents to aromatic rings.

What is a Friedel-Crafts Reaction? Friedel-Crafts reaction is an organic coupling reaction involving an electrophilic aromatic substitution that is used …

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Directive Influence of Functional Group | Substituted Benzene, Ortho-para-meta directing group

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
When mono substituted benzene undergoes an electrophilic attack, the rate of reaction and the site of attack vary with the functional group already attached to it. Some groups increase the reactivity of benzene ring and are known as activating groups while others which decrease the reactivity are known as deactivating groups.

When mono substituted benzene undergoes an electrophilic attack, the rate of reaction and the site of attack vary with the …

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Carcinogenic Substances- Harmful Effects | Cancer Causes

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The substances, radiations, or radionuclides which are directly involved in the formation of cancer are called carcinogenic substances or carcinogens and this process is called carcinogenicity.

The substances, radiations, or radionuclides which are directly involved in the formation of cancer are called carcinogenic substances or carcinogens …

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NCERT Exemplar Solutions-Structure of Atom for Class 11

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Multiple-choice questions (type-1)

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11 Chemistry Chapter Structure of Atom Multiple-choice Questions (Type-1) 1. Which of the following conclusions could …

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NCERT Solutions-Structure of Atom for Class 11 Chemistry pdf Download Free

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Q. 1. (i) calculate the number of electrons which will together weigh one gram. (ii) calculate the mass and charge of one mole of electrons.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter Structure of Atom Q.1. (i) Calculate the number of electrons which will together …

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NCERT Solutions-Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 3

August 22, 2025December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Q-1) what is the basic theme of organization in the periodic table?

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties Q-1) What is the basic …

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NCERT Exemplar Solutions-Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 3

August 22, 2025December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Multiple choice questions (type-1)

NCERT Exemplar Solutions of Chapter 3 Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties for Class 11 Chemistry Multiple Choice Questions …

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NCERT Exemplar Solutions-Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 4

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
I. Multiple-choice questions (type-i)

NCERT Exemplar Solutions of Chapter 4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 Chemistry I. Multiple-choice Questions (Type-I) 1. Isostructural …

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NCERT Solutions-Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 4

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Q-1) explain the formation of a chemical bond.

NCERT Solutions of Chapter 4 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Class 11 Chemistry Q-1) Explain the formation of a chemical …

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NCERT Solutions-Thermodynamics for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 6

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Q-1: choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 6 Thermodynamics Q-1: Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a …

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NCERT Exemplar Solutions-Thermodynamics for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 6

December 17, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
I. Multiple-choice questions (type-i)

NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 6 Thermodynamics I. Multiple-choice Questions (Type-I) 1. Thermodynamics is not concerned about______. …

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NCERT Solutions-Equilibrium for Class 11 Chemistry

August 22, 2025December 18, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Q. 1. A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour in a sealed container at a fixed temperature. The volume of the container is suddenly increased.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7 Q.1. A liquid is in equilibrium with its vapour in a sealed …

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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Solutions Chapter 7 – Equilibrium

August 22, 2025December 18, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
I. Multiple choice questions (type-i)

NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7 Equilibrium I. Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I) 1. We know that the …

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NCERT Solutions – Redox Reactions for Class 11 Chemistry | Anand Classes by Neeraj Anand

December 18, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The chapter redox reactions is a vital part of class 11 chemistry that introduces students to the principles of oxidation, reduction, electron transfer, and the balancing of redox equations. Understanding this chapter is essential for performing well in board exams and competitive entrance tests like jee and neet. At anand classes, our expertly crafted ncert solutions for redox reactions are prepared by prof. Neeraj anand and are designed to help students grasp complex concepts with ease. These step-by-step solutions follow the latest ncert curriculum and cbse exam pattern, ensuring conceptual clarity, accurate explanation, and enhanced problem-solving ability for class 11 students.

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Chemistry Chapter Redox Reactions The chapter Redox Reactions is a vital part of Class 11 …

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NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Solutions – Redox Reactions

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The chapter on redox reactions is a cornerstone of class 11 chemistry and lays the groundwork for understanding electrochemistry and advanced chemical processes in higher studies. The ncert exemplar problems for this chapter challenge students to apply core concepts such as oxidation numbers, electron transfer, balancing redox equations, and standard electrode potential. At anand classes, we provide detailed, step-by-step ncert exemplar solutions for redox reactions, curated by prof. Neeraj anand, to help students strengthen their conceptual understanding, improve problem-solving skills, and excel in school exams as well as competitive entrance tests like jee and neet. These expert solutions follow the latest cbse guidelines and aim to simplify complex problems through clear explanations and scientific reasoning.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions – Redox Reactions for Class 11 Chemistry | Anand Classes The chapter on Redox Reactions is a …

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NCERT Solutions-Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques for Class 11

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Exercises

NCERT Solutions for Chemistry – Class 11, Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques Class 11 Chemistry …

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NCERT Exemplar Solutions-Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques for Class 11

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
I. Multiple-choice questions (type-i)

NCERT Exemplar Solutions-Organic Chemistry Some Basic Principles and Techniques for Class 11 I. Multiple-choice Questions (Type-I) 1. Which of the …

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NCERT Solutions-Hydrocarbons Organic Chemistry for Class 11

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Question 13. 1: how do you account for the formation of ethane during chlorination of methane?

NCERT Solutions-Hydrocarbons Organic Chemistry for Class 11 Question 13.1: How do you account for the formation of ethane during chlorination …

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Hydrogen Elements-Position Of Hydrogen In Periodic Table-Class 11 Chemistry Notes

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Hydrogen is the first element of the periodic table as its atomic number is one, which means it has only one electron in its atom and thus only one electron is present in its outermost shell. The placement of elements in the periodic table is based on their electronic configuration.

What is the Position of Hydrogen in the Periodic Table? Hydrogen is the first element of the periodic table as its …

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Hydrogen (H)-Discovery, Physical and Chemical Properties, Preparation, Uses with FAQs

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Hydrogen

Hydrogen Symbol H Atomic Number 1 Atomic Mass 1.008 Discovered by Hydrogen was discovered by Henry Cavendish Physical Properties of …

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Isotopes of Hydrogen-Plutonium, Deuterium, Tritium with Examples & FAQs

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Three naturally existing isotopes of hydrogen are tritium, deuterium, and protium.

What are the Isotopes Three naturally existing isotopes of hydrogen are tritium, deuterium, and protium. Each isotope comprehends of unique properties. …

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Hydrogen-Methods of Preparation, Isotopes, Types, Properties

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Hydrogen is the most abundant element or chemical substance that is available in our universe. It makes up 90 per cent of all the atoms. It is the smallest and the lightest of all elements having atomic number 1 and an atomic weight of 1. 008. Hydrogen is found mostly in the form of a gas and is colourless, odourless but flammable.

Hydrogen is the most abundant element or chemical substance that is available in our universe. It makes up 90 per …

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Uses Of Hydrogen – Properties & its Reactions with FAQs

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Hydrogen is a unique element of the periodic table due to its resemblance to alkali metals and the halogens.

What is Hydrogen? Hydrogen is a unique element of the periodic table due to its resemblance to alkali metals and …

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Hydrides-Types of Hydrides, Ionic, Covalent, Metallic Hydrides

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Hydride, in simple terms, is said to be the anion of hydrogen. It is a chemical compound where the hydrogen atoms exhibit nucleophilic, basic or reducing properties. Usually, in a hydride, the hydrogen has an oxidation number equal to −1. Some popular examples include water (h2o), methane (ch4) and ammonia (nh3).

Hydride, in simple terms, is said to be the anion of hydrogen. It is a chemical compound where the hydrogen …

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Properties Of Water – Physical & Chemical Properties | Class 11 Chemistry Notes

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Water is the chemical substance with chemical formula h2o, one molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom. Let us learn about the physical and chemical properties of water.

What is Water? Water is the chemical substance with chemical formula H2O, one molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms …

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Heavy Water – Uses, Properties, Types, Preparation, Reactions (D2O)

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Heavy water is a compound that is made up of oxygen and deuterium, a heavier isotope of hydrogen which is denoted by ‘2h’ or ‘d’. Heavy water is also called deuterium oxide and is denoted by the chemical formula d2o.

What Is Heavy Water? Heavy water is a compound that is made up of oxygen and deuterium, a heavier isotope of …

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Hydrogen Peroxide – Structure, Formula, Reactions, Properties, Uses

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most common chemical substances that we come across in our daily lives. It is found in hair bleaching and medical products. In this lesson, we will dive deeper into learning what hydrogen peroxide actually is, including its structure, properties and more.

Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most common chemical substances that we come across in our daily lives. It is …

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What is Hydrogen Fuel Cell – Definition, Production, Advantages, Economy, Uses

December 19, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Hydrogen fuel is a zero-emission fuel when it is burned with oxygen.

What is Hydrogen Fuel? Hydrogen fuel is a zero-emission fuel when it is burned with oxygen. Students interested in Chemistry should …

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S Block Elements – Physical & Chemical Properties, Periodic Trends, Configurations, Diagonal Relationship

December 20, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
S-block comprises 14 elements, namely hydrogen (h), lithium (li), helium (he), sodium (na), beryllium (be), potassium (k), magnesium (mg), rubidium (rb), calcium (ca), caesium (cs), strontium (sr), francium (fr), barium (ba), and radium (ra).

S-block comprises 14 elements, namely hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), helium (He), sodium (Na), beryllium (Be), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), rubidium …

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s Block Elements Electronic Configuration in Periods and Groups | Class 11 Chemistry Notes Study material

December 20, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The electronic configuration of an atom is the numerical representation of the arrangement of electrons distributed in the orbitals of the atom. This determines the position of an element in the periodic table and in turn its chemical behaviour.

The electronic configuration of an atom is the numerical representation of the arrangement of electrons distributed in the orbitals of …

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Anomalous Periodic Properties of Second Period Elements – Class 11 Chemistry Notes Study Material

December 20, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
All elements are special in their own way even if there are certain trends that have been observed by scientists over the years. The elements belonging to the second period display periodic properties that are especially anomalous.

What are Anomalous Periodic Properties? All elements are special in their own way even if there are certain trends that …

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Periodic Table Trends-Atomic and Ionic Radii, Ionisation Enthalpy-Class 11 Notes Study Material

December 20, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The systematic arrangement of elements in a periodic table discloses certain periodic trends in the properties of elements.

The systematic arrangement of elements in a periodic table discloses certain periodic trends in the properties of elements. For example, …

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Sodium Carbonate- Synthesis (Solvey Process), Uses, Structure, Formula & Properties

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Sodium carbonate is an inorganic chemical compound. Sodium carbonate is what is commonly known as soda ash. Soda ash is extracted from trona. Trona is a double salt containing sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate formed as a result of the series of evaporation processes taking place at lakes.

What is Sodium Carbonate? Sodium carbonate is an inorganic chemical compound. Sodium carbonate is what is commonly known as Soda …

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Sodium Chloride – Structure, Properties, and Uses of NaCl

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Sodium chloride is an ionic compound with the chemical formula nacl.

What is Sodium chloride? Sodium chloride is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is also known …

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Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH)-Structure, Properties, Uses, Health Hazards, FAQs

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Sodium hydroxide is a solid ionic compound. It is also known as caustic soda, iye, sodium hydrate or soda lye.

What is Sodium Hydroxide? Sodium Hydroxide is a solid ionic compound. It is also known as caustic soda, Iye, sodium …

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Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) – Structure, Properties, Uses,FAQs

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate has a monoclinic crystalline structure. Nicolas leblanc a french chemist produced sodium carbonate in the year 1791. In the year 1846 austin church and john dwight, bakers of new york started the first factory to produce baking soda. It is a white solid crystalline chemical compound usually in its powder form. This salt is composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions. Its molecular formula is nahco3. It is a weak base. It is commonly called as baking soda and is used in cooking. Ph value is about 8. 31.

What is Sodium Bicarbonate? Sodium bicarbonate or Sodium hydrogen carbonate has a monoclinic crystalline structure. Nicolas Leblanc a French chemist …

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Organic Uses Of Sodium And Potassium | Sodium Potassium Pump, FAQs

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The content of sodium and potassium in a human body is more than iron and copper which tend to get the main focus in a human diet. These biologically important compounds perform a function of a power generator under the roof of a cell. They act as communicating agents to transmit information such as flexing of muscles etc.

The content of sodium and potassium in a human body is more than iron and copper which tend to get …

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Calcium Oxide (CaO)-Preparation, Properties & Uses of Quicklime

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Calcium oxide, commonly known as lime, is a chemical compound with the formula cao.

What is Calcium Oxide (CaO)? Calcium oxide, commonly known as lime, is a chemical compound with the formula CaO. Calcium oxide, …

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Limestone: Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)-Uses, Preparation, Properties, Formula & Structure

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Calcium carbonate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula caco3.

What is Calcium Carbonate? Calcium carbonate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula CaCO3. Calcium carbonate is one of …

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Calcium And Magnesium-Biological Importance and Factors

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Calcium and magnesium are one of the most important elements that affect numerous processes inside our body. Magnesium and calcium both are extensively used as alloying agents. Calcium finds application as a reducing agent in different industries. The importance of these alkaline earth metals is not just limited to those mentioned above. These metals support many biological activities in plants as well as animal.

Calcium and Magnesium are one of the most important elements that affect numerous processes inside our body. Magnesium and calcium …

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p Block Elements on Periodic Table – Introduction, Properties & Trends

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
P block elements are those in which the last electron enters any of the three p-orbitals of their respective shells. Since a p-subshell has three degenerate p-orbitals each of which can accommodate two electrons, therefore in all there are six groups of p-block elements.

What are the p-Block Elements? p block elements are those in which the last electron enters any of the three …

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Group 13 Elements (Boron Family)-Properties, Compounds, Behaviour

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Group 13 elements are the first group in the p-block of the periodic table. All the elements of group 13 are also called the boron family. The periodic table is segregated into s, p, d and f-blocks. This segregation is done based on the valence electron; if the valence electron falls on the p subshell, it comes in the p-block and so on.

What Are Group 13 Elements? Group 13 elements are the first group in the p-block of the periodic table. All …

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Boron Family-Elements, Configurations, Periodic trend, Physical & Chemical Properties, FAQs

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Boron got its name from the arabic word ‘buraq’ which is the name of borax. It belongs to the 13th group of the p block element. The elements of the 13th group are boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. They all are metallic in nature except boron which is a metalloid. All of them have 3 electrons in the outermost shell which has the electronic configuration of ns2np1. There are two oxidation states (+3 and +1) of boron family.

About Boron Family Boron got its name from the Arabic word ‘buraq’ which is the name of borax. It belongs …

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Borax-Chemical Formula(Sodium Borate), Structural Formula, Borax Reaction, Natural Sources of Borax, Uses

December 23, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Borax is a compound consisting of an elementary substance called boron, united with oxygen and soda.

What is Borax? Borax is a compound consisting of an elementary substance called boron, united with oxygen and soda. Borax …

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