What are units and measurements?

Units and measurement, which is given in the Class 11 physics textbook, offer basic knowledge about how the quantities are measured and the types of units that are used with them.

To measure a physical quantity like length, mass, speed, force and time, we require a standard of measurement. This standard of measurement is called the unit of that physical quantity.

For example, the unit of length is metre, and a standard length of 1 metre has a precise definition. To measure the length of an object, we need to determine how many times this standard length metre is contained in the length of the object. The comparison of a physical quantity with a standard quantity is called measurement.

What is a unit of measurement?

A standard amount of a physical quantity, such as length, mass, energy, etc, specified multiples of which are used to express magnitudes of that physical quantity, is called a unit of measurement.

Physical Quantities

Those quantities which can describe the laws of physics are called the physical quantity. A physical quantity is one that can be measured. Thus, length, mass, time, pressure, temperature, current and resistance are considered as physical quantities.

Classification of Physical Quantities

The physical quantities are classified into

(i) Fundamental quantities or base quantities

(ii) Derived quantities

The physical quantities that are independent of each other are called fundamental quantities. All the other quantities which can be expressed in terms of the fundamental quantities are called the derived quantities.

Units

The reference standard used to measure the physical quantities is called the unit.

Properties of Unit

  1. The unit should be of some suitable size
  2. The unit must be well-defined
  3. The unit should be easily reproducible, i.e., it should not change with place
  4. The unit must not change with time
  5. The unit should not change with physical conditions like temperature, pressure, etc.
  6. The unit must be easily comparable experimentally with similar physical quantities.

Types of Units

(i) Fundamental Units

The units defined for the fundamental quantities are called fundamental units.

(ii) Derived Units

The units of all other physical quantities which are derived from the fundamental units are called the derived units.

System of Units

(1) FPS System: In this system, the unit of length is foot, the unit of mass is pound, and the unit of time is second.

(2) CGS System: In this system, the units of length, mass and time are centimetre, gram and second, respectively.

(3) MKS System: In this system, the unit of length, mass and time are meter, kilogram and second, respectively.

(4) SI System: The term stands for International System of Units, this system is widely used in all measurements throughout the world. The system is based on seven basic units and two supplementary units.

Basic Units
QuantityUnitSymbol of the Unit
Lengthmetrem
Masskilogramkg
Timeseconds
TemperaturekelvinK
Electric currentampereA
Number of particlesmolemol
Luminous intensitycandelacd
Supplementary Units
Plane angleradianrad
Solid angleSteradiansr

Definition of Basic and Supplementary Units

Basic Units

1. Metre (m): One metre is the distance travelled by light in the vacuum during a time interval of (1/299792458) seconds.

2. Kilogram (kg): It is the mass of a platinum-iridium cylinder kept at the National Bureau of Weights and Measurements, Paris.

3. Second (s): The second is the time taken by the light of a specified wavelength emitted by a caesium-133 atom to execute 9192631770 vibrations.

4. Ampere (A): One ampere is that current which, when passed through two straight parallel conductors of infinite length and of negligible cross-section kept at a distance of 1 metre apart in the vacuum, produces between them a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newton per metre length.

5. Kelvin (K): It is the fraction 1/273.6 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.

6. Candela (cd): A candela is defined as 1/60 th of the luminous intensity of 1 square centimetre of a perfect black body maintained at the freezing temperature of platinum (1773 0C).

7. Mole (md): One mole is the amount of substance that contains elementary units equal to the number of atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon-12.

Supplementary Units

1. Radian (rad): The radian is the angle subtended at the centre of the circle by the arc whose length is equal to the radius of the circle.

2. Steradian (Sr): The steradian is the solid angle subtended at the centre of a sphere by a spherical surface of an area equal to the square of its radius.

Dimensional Formula

The dimensional formula of any physical quantity is the formula that tells which of the fundamental units have been used for the measurement of that physical quantity.

How is dimensional formula written for a physical quantity?

(1) The formula of the physical quantity must be written. The quantity must be on the left-hand side of the equation.

(2) All the quantities on the right-hand side of the formula must be written in terms of fundamental quantities like mass, length and time.

(3) Replace mass, length and time with M, L and T, respectively.

(4) Write the powers of the terms.

Characteristics of Dimensions

(1) Dimensions do not depend on the system of units.

(2) Quantities with similar dimensions can be added or subtracted from each other.

(3) Dimensions can be obtained from the units of the physical quantities and vice versa.

(4) Two different quantities can have the same dimension.

(5) When two dimensions are multiplied or divided, it will form the dimension of the third quantity.

Dimensional Analysis

The dimensional formula can be used to

(1) Check the correctness of the equation.

(2) Convert the unit of the physical quantity from one system to another.

(3) Deduce the relation connecting the physical quantities.

Units and Dimensions of a Few Derived Quantities

Physical QuantityUnitDimensional Formula
DisplacementmM0L1T0
Aream2M0L2T0
Volumem3M0L3T0
Velocityms-1M0L1T-1
Accelerationms-2M0L1T-2
DensityKg m-3M1L-3T0
MomentumKg ms-1M1L1T-1
Work/Energy/HeatJoule (or) Kg m2/sec2M1L2T-2
PowerWatt (W) (or) Joule/secM1L2T-3
Angular Velocityrad s-1M0L0T-1
Angular Accelerationrad s-2M0L0T-2
Moment of InertiaKg m2M1L2T0
ForceNewton (or) Kg m/sec2M1L1T-2
PressureNewton/m (or) Kg m-1/sec2M1L-1T-2
ImpulseNewton sec (or) Kg m/secM1L1T-1
InertiaKg m2M1L2T0
Electric CurrentAmpere (or) C/secQT-1
Resistance/ImpedanceOhm (or) Kg m2/sec C2ML2T-1Q-2
EMF/Voltage/PotentialVolt (or) Kg m2/sec2 CML2T-2Q-1
Permeabilityhenry/m (or) Kg m/C2MLQ-2
PermittivityFarad/m (or) sec2C2/Kgm3T2Q2M-1L-3
FrequencyHertz (or) sec-1T-1
WavelengthmL1

Principle of Homogeneity

According to the principle of homogeneity of dimensions, all the terms in a given physical equation must be the same.

Ex. s = ut + (½) at2

Dimensionally

[L] = [LT-1.T] + [LT-2. T2]
[L] = [L] + [L]

Defects of Dimensional Analysis

  1. While deriving the formula, the proportionality constant cannot be found.
  2. The equation of a physical quantity that depends on more than three independent physical quantities cannot be deduced.
  3. This method cannot be used if the physical quantity depends on more parameters than the number of fundamental quantities.
  4. The equations containing trigonometric functions and exponential functions cannot be derived

Points to Remember

  • Those quantities which can describe the laws of physics are called the physical quantity. Example: length, mass and time.
  • Physical quantities can be classified as fundamental quantities and derived quantities.
  • The reference standard used to measure the physical quantities is called the unit. Units are classified as fundamental units and derived units.
  • The SI system is the most commonly used system of units
  • The SI is based on seven basic units and two supplementary units.
  • The dimensional formula of any physical quantity is the formula that tells which of the fundamental units have been used for the measurement of that physical quantity.
  • The dimensional formula follows the principle of homogeneity

Solved Examples

(1) The diameter of a cylinder is measured using vernier callipers with no zero error. It is found that the zero of the vernier scale lies between 5.10 cm and 5.15 cm of the main scale. The vernier scale has 50 divisions equivalent to 2.45 cm. The 24th division of the vernier scale exactly coincides with one of the main scale divisions. Then, the diameter of the cylinder is

a) 5.112 cm

b) 5. 124 cm

c) 5.136 cm

d) 5.148 cm

Answer: b) 5. 124 cm

Solution:

The least count of a vernier is given by

L.C. = 1 Main scale division/Number of divisions on the vernier scale

L.C. = 1 M.S.D./n

One main scale division = 0.05 cm

n = 50

L.C. = 0.05/50 = 0.001 cm

Diameter of the cylinder = Main scale reading + (Least count x Vernier scale reading)

= 5.10 + (24 x 0.001) = 5.124 cm

(2) The density of a solid ball is to be determined in an experiment. The diameter of the ball is measured with a screw gauge, whose pitch is 0.5 mm, and there are 50 divisions on the circular scale. The reading on the main scale is 2.5 mm, and that on the circular scale is 20 divisions. If the measured mass of the ball has a relative error of 2%, the relative percentage error in the density is

a) 0.9%

b) 2.4 %

c) 3.1 %

d) 4.2 %

Answer: c) 3.1 %

Solution:

Given,

Pitch = 0.5 mm

Circular scale division = 50

Main scale division = 2.5 mm

Least count = Pitch/Circular scale division= 0.5/50 = 0.01 mm

Circular scale division reading = 20

Relative error = 2%

Screw gauge reading = Main scale reading + (Least count x Circular scale division reading)

= 2.5 + (0.01 x 20)

= 2.7 mm

Density, ρ = mass/volume

\(\begin{array}{l}\rho =\frac{M}{\frac{4\pi }{3}(\frac{D}{2})^{3}}\end{array} \)

The relative percentage error in density is

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{\Delta \rho }{\rho }\times 100=\left ( \frac{\Delta M}{M}+\frac{3\Delta D}{D} \right )\times 100\end{array} \)

\(\begin{array}{l}\frac{\Delta \rho }{\rho }\times 100= \left ( 2+3\times \frac{0.01}{2.7}\times 100 \right )\end{array} \)

= 3.1%

(3) The dimensional formula for the relative refractive index is

a) [M0L1T-1]

b) [M0L0T0]

c) [M0L1T1]

d) [MLT-1]

Answer: b) [M0L0T0]

Solution:

The relative refractive index is the ratio of the refractive index of the medium to the refractive index of the vacuum. Hence, it is a dimensionless quantity.

(4) A thin copper wire of length l metre increases in length by 2% when heated through 10°C. What is the percentage increase in the area when a square copper sheet of length l metre is heated through 10°C?

a) 4%

b) 8%

c) 16%

d) None of these

Answer: a) 4%

Solution:

△l = l αΔT

△l/l = 2/100 = α x 100

α = 2/1000

β = 2α = 4/1000

△A = A βΔT

△A/A = βΔT

= (4/1000) x 10

= 4/100

Percentage increase in area = (4/100) x 100

= 4%

(5) The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum in the experiment is recorded as 2.63 s, 2.56 s, 2.42 s, 2.71 s and 2.80 s, respectively. The average absolute error is

a) 0.1 s

b) 0.11 s

c) 0.01 s

d) 1.0 s

Answer: b) 0.11 s

Solution:

Average value = (2.63 + 2.56 + 2.42 + 2.71 + 2.80)/5

= 2.62 sec

Now,

|△T1| = 2.63 – 2.62 = 0.01

|△T2| = 2.62- 2.56 = 0.06

|△T3| = 2.62- 2.42 = 0.20

|△T4| = 2.71- 2.62 = 0.09

|△T4| = 2.80- 2.62 = 0.18

Mean absolute error,

\(\begin{array}{l}\Delta T=\frac{\left | \Delta T_{1} \right |+\left | \Delta T_{2} \right |+\left | \Delta T_{3} \right |+\left | \Delta T_{4} \right |+\left | \Delta T_{5} \right |}{5}\end{array} \)

= (0.01 + 0.06 + 0.20 + 0.09 + 0.18)/5

= 0.54/5 = 0.108 = 0.11 sec

Practice Problems

(1) Two full turns of the circular scale of a screw gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on its main scale. The total number of divisions on the circular scale is 50. Further, it is found that the screw gauge has a zero error of –0.03 mm. While measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a student notes the main scale reading of 3 mm and the number of circular scale divisions in line with the main scale as 35. The diameter of the wire is

a) 3.32 mm

b) 3.73 mm

c) 3.67 mm

d) 3.38 mm

(2) To find the distance d over which a signal can be seen clearly in foggy conditions, a Railway Engineer uses dimensional analysis and assumes that the distance depends on the mass density ρ of the fog, intensity (power/area) S of the light from the signal and its frequency f. The Engineer finds that d is proportional to S1/n. The value of n is

a) 2

b) 3

c) 1

d) 4

(3) The energy (E), angular momentum (L) and universal gravitational constant (G) are chosen as fundamental quantities. The dimensions of the universal gravitational constant in the dimensional formula of Planck’s constant (h) is

a) zero

b) -1

c) 5/3

d) 1

(4) The current-voltage relation of the diode is given by I = (e1000V/T – 1) mA, where the applied V is in volts, and the temperature T is in degree, Kelvin. If a student makes an error measuring ±0.01 V while measuring the current of 5 mA at 300K, what will be the error in the value of current in mA?

a) 0.2 mA

b) 0.02 mA

c) 0.5 mA

d) 0.05 mA

(5) A student performs an experiment to determine Young’s modulus of a wire, exactly 2 m long, by Searle’s method. In a particular reading, the student measures the extension in the length of the wire to be 0.8 mm with an uncertainty of ± 0.05 mm at a load of exactly 1.0 kg. The student also measures the diameter of the wire to be 0.4 mm with an uncertainty of ± 0.01 mm. Take g = 9.8 ms-2 (exact). The Young’s modulus obtained from the reading is

a) (2 ± 0.3) x 1011 N/m2

b) (2 ± 0.2) x 1011 N/m2

c) (2 ± 0.1) x 1011 N/m2

d) (2 ± 0.05) x 1011 N/m2

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 2 Units and Measurements

Q1

Define the SI unit of current.

The SI unit of current is Ampere. One ampere is that current which, when passed through two straight parallel conductors of infinite length and of negligible cross-section kept at a distance of 1 metre apart in the vacuum, produces between them a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newton per metre length.

Q2

Name the physical quantities whose units are ohm and Hertz.

The physical quantities whose units are ohm and Hertz are resistance and frequency, respectively.

Q3

What are the types of units?

Fundamental units and derived units.

Q4

A vernier calliper is used to measure the mean diameter of a thin brass rod. Why is a set of 50 measurements more accurate than a set of 5 measurements?

Random errors can be reduced by increasing the number of measurements.

Q5

Which of the following is not a unit of time?
(a) Second
(b) Parsec
(c) Year
(d) Light Year

(b) Parsec and (d) Light Year
Solution:
Parsec and Light Year are units to measure large distances. For example, the distance between the sun and the earth or other celestial bodies. So, they are the units of length and not time.

Q6

What is the definition of speed?

The ratio of the distance travelled by an object (regardless of its direction) to the time required to travel that distance.

Q7

What is relative error?

Relative error: When used as a measure of precision, it is the ratio of the absolute error of a measurement to the measurement being taken.

Er. Neeraj K.Anand is a freelance mentor and writer who specializes in Engineering & Science subjects. Neeraj Anand received a B.Tech degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from N.I.T Warangal & M.Tech Post Graduation from IETE, New Delhi. He has over 30 years of teaching experience and serves as the Head of Department of ANAND CLASSES. He concentrated all his energy and experiences in academics and subsequently grew up as one of the best mentors in the country for students aspiring for success in competitive examinations. In parallel, he started a Technical Publication "ANAND TECHNICAL PUBLISHERS" in 2002 and Educational Newspaper "NATIONAL EDUCATION NEWS" in 2014 at Jalandhar. Now he is a Director of leading publication "ANAND TECHNICAL PUBLISHERS", "ANAND CLASSES" and "NATIONAL EDUCATION NEWS". He has published more than hundred books in the field of Physics, Mathematics, Computers and Information Technology. Besides this he has written many books to help students prepare for IIT-JEE and AIPMT entrance exams. He is an executive member of the IEEE (Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers. USA) and honorary member of many Indian scientific societies such as Institution of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineers, Aeronautical Society of India, Bioinformatics Institute of India, Institution of Engineers. He has got award from American Biographical Institute Board of International Research in the year 2005.

CBSE Unit-wise Class 11 Physics Syllabus

Below we have provided the details of the CBSE Physics topics under each unit as per the revised CBSE Class 11 Physics Syllabus for the 2023-24 academic year. Go through it to get the details of the chapters given below.

Unit-I: Physical World and Measurement

Chapter 2: Units and Measurements

Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures.

Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.

Unit-II: Kinematics

Chapter 3: Motion in a Straight Line

Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and nonuniform motion, and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time and position-time graphs. Relations for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment).

Chapter 4: Motion in a Plane

Scalar and vector quantities; position and displacement vectors, general vectors and their notations; equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors, relative velocity, Unit vector; resolution of a vector in a plane, rectangular components, Scalar and Vector product of vectors.

Motion in a plane, cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile motion, uniform circular motion.

Unit-III: Laws of Motion

Chapter 5: Laws of Motion

Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum and Newton’s second law of motion; impulse; Newton’s third law of motion (recapitulation only). Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces, Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication.

Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road).

Unit-IV: Work, Energy and Power

Chapter 6: Work, Energy and Power

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power.

Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces: conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); non-conservative forces: motion in a vertical circle; elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Unit-V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body

Chapter 7: System of Particles and Rotational Motion

Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of a uniform rod. Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, law of conservation of angular momentum and its applications.

Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions.

Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects (no derivation).

Unit-VI: Gravitation

Chapter 8: Gravitation

Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Gravitational potential energy and gravitational potential, escape speed, orbital velocity of a satellite.

Unit-VII: Properties of Bulk Matter

Chapter 9: Mechanical Properties of Solids

Elasticity, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity (qualitative idea only), Poisson’s ratio; elastic energy.

Chapter 10: Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications (hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes), effect of gravity on fluid pressure.

Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications.

Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.

Chapter 11: Thermal Properties of Matter

Heat, temperature,( recapitulation only) thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases, anomalous expansion of water; specific heat capacity; Cp, Cv – calorimetry; change of state – latent heat capacity.

Heat transfer-conduction, convection and radiation (recapitulation only), thermal conductivity, qualitative ideas of Blackbody radiation, Wein’s displacement Law, Stefan’s law.

Unit-VIII: Thermodynamics

Chapter 12: Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics), heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics, Second law of thermodynamics: gaseous state of matter, change of condition of gaseous state -isothermal, adiabatic, reversible, irreversible, and cyclic processes.

Unit-IX: Behaviour of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases

Chapter 13: Kinetic Theory

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas.

Kinetic theory of gases – assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature; rms speed of gas molecules; degrees of freedom, law of equi-partition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path, Avogadro’s number.

Unit-X: Oscillations and Waves

Chapter 14: Oscillations

Periodic motion – time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions and their application.

Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equations of motion; phase; oscillations of a loaded spring- restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum derivation of expression for its time period.

Chapter 15: Waves

Wave motion: Transverse and longitudinal waves, speed of travelling wave, displacement relation for a progressive wave, principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats.

Students can also access the syllabus for other subjects by visiting Syllabus page of CBSE Class 11.

CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Physics Practical

Below are the list of the experiments of Physics practicals.

Evaluation Scheme for Class 11 Physics Practical 2023-24

Topic Marks
Two experiments, one from each section7 + 7
Practical record (experiment and activities)5
One activity from any section3
Investigatory Project3
Viva on experiments, activities and project5
Total 30

CBSE Class 11 Physics Practical Syllabus

Section – A

CBSE 11 Physics Syllabus Experiments 

1. To measure the diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body and to measure internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter using Vernier Callipers and hence find its volume.
2. To measure the diameter of a given wire and thickness of a given sheet using screw gauge.
3. To determine the volume of an irregular lamina using the screw gauge.
4. To determine the radius of curvature of a given spherical surface by a spherometer.
5. To determine the mass of two different objects using a beam balance.
6. To find the weight of a given body using parallelogram law of vectors.
7. Using a simple pendulum, plot its L-T2 graph and use it to find the effective length of second’s pendulum.
8. To study variation of time period of a simple pendulum of a given length by taking bobs of same size but different masses and interpret the result.
9. To study the relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction and to find the co- efficient of friction between a block and a horizontal surface.
10. To find the downward force, along an inclined plane, acting on a roller due to gravitational pull of the earth and study its relationship with the angle of inclination θ by plotting graph between force and sin θ.

CBSE 11 Physics Syllabus Activities

1. To make a paper scale of given least count, e.g., 0.2cm, 0.5 cm.
2. To determine mass of a given body using a metre scale by principle of moments.
3. To plot a graph for a given set of data, with proper choice of scales and error bars.
4. To measure the force of limiting friction for rolling of a roller on a horizontal plane.
5. To study the variation in range of a projectile with angle of projection.
6. To study the conservation of energy of a ball rolling down on an inclined plane (using a double inclined plane).
7. To study dissipation of energy of a simple pendulum by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time.

Section – B

CBSE 11 Physics Syllabus Experiments 

1. To determine Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a given wire.
2. To find the force constant of a helical spring by plotting a graph between load and extension.
3. To study the variation in volume with pressure for a sample of air at constant temperature by plotting graphs between P and V, and between P and 1/V.
4. To determine the surface tension of water by capillary rise method.
5. To determine the coefficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
6. To study the relationship between the temperature of a hot body and time by plotting a cooling curve.
7. To determine specific heat capacity of a given solid by method of mixtures.
8. To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant tension using sonometer.
9. To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension for constant frequency using sonometer.
10. To find the speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube by two resonance positions.

CBSE 11 Physics Syllabus Activities

1. To observe change of state and plot a cooling curve for molten wax.
2. To observe and explain the effect of heating on a bi-metallic strip.
3. To note the change in level of liquid in a container on heating and interpret the observations.
4. To study the effect of detergent on surface tension of water by observing capillary rise.
5. To study the factors affecting the rate of loss of heat of a liquid.
6. To study the effect of load on depression of a suitably clamped metre scale loaded at (i) its end (ii) in the middle.
7. To observe the decrease in pressure with increase in velocity of a fluid.

Practical Examination for Visually Impaired Students of Class 11 Evaluation Scheme

Time: 2 Hours
Max. Marks: 30

Topic Marks
Identification/Familiarity with the apparatus5
Written test (based on given/prescribed practicals)10
Practical Record5
Viva10
Total30

A. Items for Identification/Familiarity of the apparatus for assessment in practicals (All experiments). 

Spherical ball, Cylindrical objects, vernier calipers, beaker, calorimeter, Screw gauge, wire, Beam balance, spring balance, weight box, gram and milligram weights, forcep, Parallelogram law of vectors apparatus, pulleys and pans used in the same ‘weights’ used, Bob and string used in a simple pendulum, meter scale, split cork, suspension arrangement, stop clock/stop watch, Helical spring, suspension arrangement used, weights, arrangement used for measuring extension, Sonometer, Wedges, pan and pulley used in it, ‘weights’ Tuning Fork, Meter scale, Beam balance, Weight box, gram and
milligram weights, forceps, Resonance Tube, Tuning Fork, Meter scale, Flask/Beaker used for adding water.

B. List of Practicals

1. To measure diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body using vernier calipers.
2. To measure the internal diameter and depth of a given beaker/calorimeter using vernier calipers and hence find its volume.
3. To measure diameter of given wire using screw gauge.
4. To measure thickness of a given sheet using screw gauge.
5. To determine the mass of a given object using a beam balance.
6. To find the weight of given body using the parallelogram law of vectors.
7. Using a simple pendulum plot L-T and L-T2 graphs. Hence find the effective length of second’s pendulum using appropriate length values.
8. To find the force constant of given helical spring by plotting a graph between load and extension.
9. (i) To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant tension using a sonometer.
(ii) To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension, for
constant frequency, using a sonometer.
10. To find the speed of sound in air, at room temperature, using a resonance tube, by observing the two resonance positions.

Note: The above practicals of CBSE 11 Physics Syllabus may be carried out in an experiential manner rather than recording observations.

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Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 11 Physics Syllabus

Q1

According to the CBSE Class 11 Physics Syllabus, which are the units of high marks weightage?

According to the CBSE Class 11 Physics Syllabus, physical world and measurement, kinematics and laws of motion are the units of high-mark weightage.

Q2

How is the practical syllabus of the CBSE Class 11 Physics divided into sections A and B?

The practical syllabus of the CBSE Class 11 Physics contains 10 experiments in section A and 10 experiments in section B with 7 physical activities mentioned for each.

Q3

Which are the basic concepts present in the CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Physics?

The basic concepts present in the CBSE Syllabus for Class 11 Physics are Thermodynamics, Laws of Motion, Oscillations and Waves.