Types Of Sets-Empty Set, Non-Empty Set, Finite Set, Infinite Set, Singleton Set, Equivalent Set, Subset, Superset, Power Set, Universal Set | Class 11 Math Notes Study Material Download Free PDF
A well-defined collection of Objects or items or data is known as a set. The objects or data are known as the element. For Example, the boys in a classroom can be put in one set, all integers from 1 to 100 can become one set, and all prime numbers can be called an Infinite set. The symbol used for sets is {…..}. Only the collection of data with specific characteristics is called a set.
Example: Separate out the collections that can be placed in a set.
Sets are the collection of different elements belonging to the same category and there can be different types of sets seen. A set may have an infinite number of elements, may have no elements at all, may have some elements, may have just one element, and so on. Based on all these different ways, sets are classified into different types.
The different types of sets are:
Singleton Set
Empty Set
Finite Set
Infinite Set
Equal Set
Equivalent Set
Subset
Power Set
Universal Set
Disjoint Sets
Let’s discuss these various types of sets in detail.
Singleton Set
Singleton Sets are those sets that have only 1 element present in them.
Example:
Set A= {1} is a singleton set as it has only one element, that is, 1.
Set P = {a : a is an even prime number} is a singleton set as it has only one element 2.
Similarly, all the sets that contain only one element are known as Singleton sets.
Empty Set
Empty sets are also known as Null sets or Void sets. They are the sets with no element/elements in them. They are denoted as ϕ.
Example:
Set A= {a: a is a number greater than 5 and less than 3}
Finite Sets are those which have a finite number of elements present, no matter how much they’re increasing number, as long as they are finite in nature, They will be called a Finite set.
Example:
Set A= {a: a is the whole number less than 20}
Set B = {a, b, c, d, e}
Infinite Set
Infinite Sets are those that have an infinite number of elements present, cases in which the number of elements is hard to determine are known as infinite sets.
Example:
Set A= {a: a is an odd number}
Set B = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,…..}
Equal Set
Two sets having the same elements and an equal number of elements are called equal sets. The elements in the set may be rearranged, or they may be repeated, but they will still be equal sets.
Example:
Set A = {1, 2, 6, 5}
Set B = {2, 1, 5, 6}
In the above example, the elements are 1, 2, 5, 6. Therefore, A= B.
Equivalent Set
Equivalent Sets are those which have the same number of elements present in them. It is important to note that the elements may be different in both sets but the number of elements present is equal. For Instance, if a set has 6 elements in it, and the other set also has 6 elements present, they are equivalent sets.
Example:
Set A= {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}
Set B = {p, q, r, s, t}
Set A and Set B both have 5 elements hence, both are equivalent sets.
Subset
Set A will be called the Subset of Set B if all the elements present in Set A already belong to Set B. The symbol used for the subset is ⊆
If A is a Subset of B, It will be written as A ⊆ B
Example:
Set A= {33, 66, 99}
Set B = {22, 11, 33, 99, 66}
Then, Set A ⊆ Set B
Power Set
Power set of any set A is defined as the set containing all the subsets of set A. It is denoted by the symbol P(A) and read as Power set of A.
For any set A containing n elements, the total number of subsets formed is 2n. Thus, the power set of A, P(A) has 2n elements.
Example: For any set A = {a,b,c}, the power set of A is?
A universal set is a set that contains all the elements of the rest of the sets. It can be said that all the sets are the subsets of Universal sets. The universal set is denoted as U.
Example: For Set A = {a, b, c, d} and Set B = {1,2} find the universal set containing both sets.
Solution:
Universal Set U is,
U = {a, b, c, d, e, 1, 2}
Disjoint Sets
For any two sets A and B which do have no common elements are called Disjoint Sets. The intersection of the Disjoint set is ϕ, now for set A and set B A∩B = ϕ.
Example: Check whether Set A ={a, b, c, d} and Set B= {1,2} are disjoint or not.
Solution:
Set A ={a, b, c, d} Set B= {1,2}
Here, A∩B = ϕ
Thus, Set A and Set B are disjoint sets.
Summarizing Types of Set
There are different types of sets categorized on various parameters. Some types of sets are mentioned below:
Set Name
Description
Example
Empty Set
A set containing no elements whatsoever.
{}
Singleton Set
A set containing exactly one element.
{1}
Finite Set
A set with a limited, countable number of elements.
{apple, banana, orange}
Infinite Set
A set with an uncountable number of elements.
{natural numbers (1, 2, 3, …)}
Equivalent Sets
Sets that have the same number of elements and their elements can be paired one-to-one.
Set A = {1, 2, 3} and Set B = {a, b, c} (assuming a corresponds to 1, b to 2, and c to 3)
Equal Sets
Sets that contain exactly the same elements.
Set A = {1, 2} and Set B = {1, 2}
Universal Set
A set containing all elements relevant to a specific discussion.
The set of all students in a school (when discussing student grades)
Unequal Sets
Sets that do not have all the same elements.
Set A = {1, 2, 3} and Set B = {a, b}
Power Set
The set contains all possible subsets of a given set.
Power Set of {a, b} = { {}, {a}, {b}, {a, b} }
Overlapping Sets
Sets that share at least one common element.
Set A = {1, 2, 3} and Set B = {2, 4, 5}
Disjoint Sets
Sets that have no elements in common.
Set A = {1, 2, 3} and Set B = {a, b, c}
Subset
A set where all elements are also members of another set.
Example 2: Which of the given below sets are equal and which are equivalent in nature?
Set A= {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
Set B= {a, b, c, d, e}
Set C= {c: c ∈ N, c is an even number, c ≤ 10}
Set D = {1, 2, 5, 10}
Set E= {x, y, z}
Solution:
Equivalent sets are those which have the equal number of elements, whereas, Equal sets are those which have the equal number of elements present as well as the elements are same in the set.
From the knowledge gained above in the article, the above-mentioned sets can easily be identified.
Set A is an Infinite set.
Set B is a Finite set
Set C is a singleton set
Set D is a Finite set
Set E is a Null set
Example 4: Explain which of the following sets are subsets of Set P,
Set P = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20}
Set A = {a, 1, 0, 2}
Set B ={0, 2, 4}
Set C = {1, 4, 6, 10}
Set D = {2, 20}
Set E ={18, 16, 2, 10}
Solution:
Set A has elements a, 1, which are not present in the Set P. Therefore, set A is not a Subset.
Set B has elements which are present in set P, Therefore, Set B ⊆ Set P
Set C has 1 as an extra element. Hence, not a subset of P
Set D has 2, 20 as element. Therefore, Set D ⊆ Set P
Set E has all its elements matching the elements of set P. Hence, Set E ⊆ Set P.
FAQs on Types of Sets
What are sets?
Sets are well-defined collections of objects.
Example: The collection of Tata cars in the parking lot is a set.
What are Sub Sets?
Subsets of any set are defined as sets that contain some elements of the given set. For example, If set A contains some elements of set B set A is called the subset of set B.
How many types of sets are present?
Different types of sets used in mathematics are
Empty Set
Non-Empty Set
Finite Set
Infinite Set
Singleton Set
Equivalent Set
Subset
Superset
Power Set
Universal Set
What is the difference between, ϕ and {ϕ}?
The difference between ϕ and {ϕ} is
ϕ = this symbol is used to represent the null set, therefore, when only this symbol is given, the set is a Null set or empty set.
{ϕ}= In this case, the symbol is present inside the brackets used to denote a set, and therefore, now the symbol is acting like an element. Hence, this is a Singleton set.
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CBSE Class 11 Maths Syllabus for 2023-24 with Marking Scheme
CBSE syllabus for class 11 Maths is divided into 5 units. The table below shows the units, number of periods and marks allocated for maths subject. The maths theory paper is of 80 marks and the internal assessment is of 20 marks.
No.
Units
Marks
I.
Sets and Functions
23
II.
Algebra
25
III.
Coordinate Geometry
12
IV.
Calculus
08
V.
Statistics and Probability
12
Total Theory
80
Internal Assessment
20
Grand Total
100
2025-26 CBSE Class 11 Maths Syllabus
Below you will find the CBSE Class Maths Syllabus for students.
Unit-I: Sets and Functions
1. Sets
Sets and their representations, empty sets, finite and infinite sets, equal sets, subsets, and subsets of a set of real numbers, especially intervals (with notations), universal set, Venn diagrams, union and intersection of sets, difference of sets, complement of a set and properties of complement.
2. Relations & Functions
Ordered pairs, Cartesian product of sets, number of elements in the Cartesian product of two finite sets, Cartesian product of the set of reals with itself (upto R x R x R), definition of relation, pictorial diagrams, domain, co-domain and range of a relation. Function as a special type of relation. Pictorial representation of a function, domain, co-domain and range of a function. Real valued functions, domain and range of these functions, constant, identity, polynomial, rational, modulus, signum, exponential, logarithmic and greatest integer functions, with their graphs. Sum, difference, product and quotients of functions.
3. Trigonometric Functions
Positive and negative angles, measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion from one measure to another, definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle, truth of the identity, signs of trigonometric functions, domain and range of trigonometric functions and their graphs, expressing sin (x±y) and cos (x±y) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy and their simple applications.
Unit-II: Algebra
1. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Need for complex numbers, especially√−1, to be motivated by the inability to solve some of the quadratic equations. Algebraic properties of complex numbers, Argand plane.
2. Linear Inequalities
Linear inequalities, algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their representation on the number line.
3. Permutations and Combinations
The fundamental principle of counting. Factorial n. (n!) Permutations and combinations, derivation of Formulae for nPr and nCr and their connections, simple applications.
4. Binomial Theorem
Historical perspective, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices, Pascal’s triangle, simple applications.
5. Sequence and Series
Sequence and series, arithmetic progression (A. P.), arithmetic mean (A.M.), geometric progression (G.P.), general term of a G.P., sum of n terms of a G.P., infinite G.P. and its sum, geometric mean (G.M.), relation between A.M. and G.M.
Unit-III: Coordinate Geometry
1. Straight Lines
Brief recall of two-dimensional geometry from earlier classes. Slope of a line and angle between two lines. Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axis, point-slope form, slope-intercept form, two-point form, intercept form and normal form. General equation of a line. Distance of a point from a line.
2. Conic Sections
Sections of a cone: circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section. Standard equations and simple properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Standard equation of a circle.
3. Introduction to Three-Dimensional Geometry
Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance between two points.
Unit-IV: Calculus
1. Limits and Derivatives
Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically, intuitive idea of limit, limits of polynomials and rational functions trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions, definition of derivative relate it to the slope of the tangent of the curve, derivative of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions. Derivatives of polynomial and trigonometric functions.
Unit-V: Statistics and Probability
1. Statistics
Measures of Dispersion: Range, mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data.
2. Probability
Events; occurrence of events, ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events, Axiomatic (set theoretic) probability, connections with other theories of earlier classes. Probability of an event, probability of ‘not’, ‘and’ and ‘or’ events.
Students can also get the syllabus of all the subjects by visiting CBSE Class 11 Syllabus page. Learn Maths & Science in an interactive & fun-loving way with Anand Classes App/Tablet.
Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 11 Maths Syllabus 2025-26
Q1
What is the marks distribution for internals and theory exams according to the CBSE Maths Syllabus for Class 11?
The marks distribution for internals is 20 marks and the theory exam is 80 marks based on the CBSE Class 11 Maths Syllabus.
Q2
Which is the most important chapter in the CBSE Class 11 Maths Syllabus?
The important chapter in the CBSE Class 11 Maths Syllabus is Algebra which is for 25 marks in the overall weightage.
Q3
What are the chapters covered in Unit III of the CBSE Class 11 Maths Syllabus?
The chapters covered in Unit III of the CBSE Class 11 Maths Syllabus are straight lines, conic sections and an introduction to three-dimensional geometry.
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