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Class 11

What are Free Radicals? – Definition, Examples, Types, Mechanism & Uses

September 27, 2025December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
A free radical is termed as a molecular species which can contain an unpaired electron in its atomic orbital and can exist independently.

What are Free Radicals? A free radical is termed as a molecular species which can contain an unpaired electron in …

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Homolytic & Heterolytic Fission of Covalent Bonds – Detailed Explanation

October 2, 2025December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Most chemical reactions involve the breakage of existing chemical bonds and the formation of new ones. However, chemical bonds can be broken in multiple ways. Furthermore, the manner in which a chemical bond breaks plays a vital role in deciding the overall outcome of the chemical reaction. The breakage of a chemical bond (usually a covalent bond) is often referred to as bond fission. The two primary types of bond fission are homolytic fission and heterolytic fission.

Most chemical reactions involve the breakage of existing chemical bonds and the formation of new ones. However, chemical bonds can …

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Isomerism – Definition, Types, Structure, Examples, and FAQs

September 28, 2025December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or spatial orientations, resulting in distinct chemical properties. These compounds with the same formula but different structures are called isomers.

Isomerism refers to the phenomenon where two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements or …

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IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds: Rules and Examples

September 26, 2025December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Organic compounds are those which have carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Chemistry is studied under three branches organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry with each dealing with different types of topics.

Organic Compounds are those which have Carbon-Hydrogen or Carbon-Carbon bonds. Chemistry is studied under three branches Organic, Inorganic, and Physical …

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Classification of Organic Compounds with Structure and Examples

September 29, 2025December 15, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Organic compounds are defined as chemical compounds which contain carbon atoms linked with other elements through simple covalent bonds. These elements could be connected by single covalent bonds, double covalent bonds, or triple covalent bonds.

Organic compounds are defined as chemical compounds which contain carbon atoms linked with other elements through simple covalent bonds. These …

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Common Ion Effect and pH-Class 11 Chemistry Equilibrium Notes Study Material

December 14, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The common ion effect is an effect that suppresses the ionization of an electrolyte when another electrolyte (which contains an ion which is also present in the first electrolyte, i. E. A common ion) is added. It is considered to be a consequence of le chatlier’s principle (or the equilibrium law).

The common ion effect is an effect that suppresses the ionization of an electrolyte when another electrolyte (which contains an …

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Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)-Definition, Formula, Significance, FAQs

December 14, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid substance into an aqueous solution. It is denoted by the symbol ksp.

What is the Solubility Product, Ksp? The solubility product constant is the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid …

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Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation – Estimating the pH of Buffers in Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

December 14, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
The henderson-hasselbalch equation provides a relationship between the ph of acids (in aqueous solutions) and their pka (acid dissociation constant). The ph of a buffer solution can be estimated with the help of this equation when the concentration of the acid and its conjugate base, or the base and the corresponding conjugate acid, are known.

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation? The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation provides a relationship between the pH of acids (in aqueous solutions) and …

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Buffer Solution – Acidic and Basic Buffers, Preparations, Buffer Action, Handerson Hasselbalch Equation, Buffer Capacity, Uses

October 3, 2025December 14, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
A buffer solution is a water solvent-based solution which consists of a mixture containing a weak acid and the conjugate base of the weak acid or a weak base and the conjugate acid of the weak base. They resist a change in ph upon dilution or upon the addition of small amounts of acid/alkali to them.

A buffer solution is a water solvent-based solution which consists of a mixture containing a weak acid and the conjugate …

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Salt Hydrolysis, Salts of strong acid and strong base, Salts of weak acid and strong base, Salts of strong acid and weak base

December 14, 2024 by Neeraj Anand, Param Anand
Salt is a compound formed by the neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base. They generally ionise in water furnishing cations and anions. The cations or anions formed during the ionisation of salts either exist as hydrated ions in aqueous solutions or interact with water to regenerate the acids and bases. The process of interaction between cations or anions of salts and water is known as hydrolysis of salts. On the basis of hydrolysis, salts are divided into three categories:

Introduction Salt is a compound formed by the neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base. They generally ionise in …

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Download free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Math Chapter 13 Probability from Anand Classes. Get clear, step-by-step solutions and printable notes for exam preparation.

Probability NCERT Solutions Miscellaneous Exercise Class 12 Chapter-13 Math Notes PDF Free Download (Set-2)

Download free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Math Chapter 13 Probability from Anand Classes. Get clear, step-by-step solutions and printable notes for exam preparation.

NCERT Solutions Probability Miscellaneous Exercise Class 12 Chapter-13 Math Notes PDF Free Download (Set-1)

Download free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Math Chapter 13 Probability from Anand Classes. Get clear, step-by-step solutions and printable notes for exam preparation.

NCERT Solutions Probability Exercise 13.3 Class 12 Chapter-13 Math Notes PDF Free Download (Set-2)

Download free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Math Chapter 13 Probability from Anand Classes. Get clear, step-by-step solutions and printable notes for exam preparation.

Probability NCERT Solutions Exercise 13.3 Class 12 Chapter-13 Math Notes PDF Free Download (Set-1)

Download free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Math Chapter 13 Probability from Anand Classes. Get clear, step-by-step solutions and printable notes for exam preparation.

Probability NCERT Solutions Exercise 13.2 Class 12 Chapter-13 Math Notes PDF Free Download (Set-2)

Download free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Math Chapter 13 Probability from Anand Classes. Get clear, step-by-step solutions and printable notes for exam preparation.

Probability NCERT Solutions Exercise 13.2 Class 12 Chapter-13 Math Notes PDF Free Download (Set-1)

Download free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Math Chapter 13 Probability from Anand Classes. Get clear, step-by-step solutions and printable notes for exam preparation.

Probability NCERT Solutions Exercise 13.1 Class 12 Chapter-13 Math Notes PDF Free Download (Set-1)

Download free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Math Chapter 13 Probability from Anand Classes. Get clear, step-by-step solutions and printable notes for exam preparation.

Probability NCERT Solutions Exercise 13.1 Class 12 Chapter-13 Math Notes PDF Free Download (Set-2)

Download free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry from Anand Classes. Clear, step-by-step maths notes in PDF format.

Three Dimensional Geometry NCERT Solutions Miscellaneous Exercise Chapter-11 Class 12 Math Notes PDF Free Download

Download free NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry from Anand Classes. Clear, step-by-step maths notes in PDF format.

Three Dimensional Geometry NCERT Solutions Exercise 11.2 Chapter-11 Class 12 Math Notes PDF Free Download (Set-2)

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